374 lines
14 KiB
Markdown
374 lines
14 KiB
Markdown
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# IT8702P 电子负载驱动接入文档（C# / WPF / .NET 8）
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> 本文档供 AI 开发助手作为实现依据使用。目标：在 C# + WPF + .NET 8 主项目中，
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> 通过 LAN Socket 接入 ITECH IT8702P 电子负载，采集**电压 / 电流 / 功率**三项数据，
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> 既能实时绑定到界面显示，也能由后台连续记录。
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>
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> **AI 开发约束**：严格遵循本文协议与命令格式。不要臆造未在本文出现的 SCPI 命令；
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> 命令一律以 `\n` 结尾；查询命令必须读完整行响应后再发下一条；设置类命令前必须已发送 `SYST:REM`。
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---
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## 1. 通讯概览
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| 项目 | 值 |
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|------|-----|
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| 物理接口 | LAN（以太网） |
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| 传输协议 | 标准 TCP（raw socket / SCPI-RAW），与普通 socket 编程完全一致 |
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| 默认 IP | `192.168.200.100`（以设备实际配置为准，需可在设置中修改） |
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| 端口 | `30000` |
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| 命令语言 | SCPI（ASCII 文本，大小写不敏感） |
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| 命令结束符 | `\n`（LF，0x0A） |
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| 响应结束符 | `\n`（按行读取） |
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| 编码 | ASCII |
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| 通道 | 主机带多负载模块；默认操作 `CH1`，可切换（`CHANnel <1-8>`） |
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要点：
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- 不需要 VISA、不需要厂商驱动 / SDK，`System.Net.Sockets.TcpClient` 直接连接即可。
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- **同步请求-应答模型**：每条查询命令发出后必须读回一行响应，才能发下一条；否则设备会报 `Query Interrupted`，且数据丢失。
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- 设备内部一次测量约几 ms 到十几 ms，单点轮询实际刷新率为每秒数十次量级，**不适合高速波形采集**（高速场景由独立采集卡负责，不在本驱动范围内）。
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---
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## 2. SCPI 命令清单（仅本项目所需）
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### 2.1 连接与会话
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| 命令 | 类型 | 说明 |
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|------|------|------|
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| `*IDN?` | 查询 | 返回厂商/型号/序列号/固件版本，逗号分隔。用于连接自检 |
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| `SYST:REM` | 设置 | 进入远程模式。**任何设置类命令前必须先发**。只读测量不强制，但建议连接后即发 |
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| `SYST:LOC` | 设置 | 返回本地模式（前面板控制）。断开会话时可选发送 |
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| `SYST:ERR?` | 查询 | 读取错误队列下一条，格式 `<NR1>,<SRD>`，如 `0,"No Error"`。无错时返回 `0,No Error` |
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| `*CLS` | 设置 | 清除状态/错误队列 |
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### 2.2 通道选择（多模块寻址）
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| 命令 | 类型 | 说明 |
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|------|------|------|
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| `CHAN <n>` | 设置 | 选择当前操作通道，`n` 取 1–8。默认 `CHAN 1`。后续命令作用于该通道 |
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| `CHAN?` | 查询 | 返回当前选中通道号 `<NR1>` |
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| `CHAN:ID?` | 查询 | 返回当前通道模块的型号/序列号/固件，逗号分隔 |
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> 单通道使用时，连接后发一次 `CHAN 1` 即可；切换通道时重发 `CHAN <n>`。
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### 2.3 测量（核心：电压 / 电流 / 功率）
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| 命令 | 类型 | 返回 | 说明 |
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|------|------|------|------|
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| `MEAS:VOLT?` | 查询 | `<NR3>` | 触发一次新测量并返回电压（V）。较慢 |
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| `MEAS:CURR?` | 查询 | `<NR3>` | 触发一次新测量并返回电流（A） |
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| `MEAS:POW?` | 查询 | `<NR3>` | 触发一次新测量并返回功率（W） |
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| `FETC:VOLT?` | 查询 | `<NR3>` | 取最近一次采样的电压，不重新测量。较快 |
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| `FETC:CURR?` | 查询 | `<NR3>` | 取最近采样电流 |
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| `FETC:POW?` | 查询 | `<NR3>` | 取最近采样功率 |
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返回值为 ASCII 科学计数字符串，如 `2.971700E+00`，用 `double.Parse(s, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture)` 解析。
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> **`MEAS` vs `FETC`**：`MEAS` 每次强制重新测量，数值最新但慢；`FETC` 取设备已有采样，快但可能略滞后。连续轮询场景推荐 `FETC` 以提升刷新率。
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### 2.4 合并查询（一次往返取三个值，强烈推荐）
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SCPI 允许用分号在一条消息里串多个查询，**一次往返**拿回多值，往返次数从 3 次降到 1 次：
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```text
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MEAS:VOLT?;:MEAS:CURR?;:MEAS:POW?
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```
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- 第二条及之后每条查询前加 `:`，表示回到命令根路径（否则会拼接出错误路径）。
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- 响应为分号分隔的一行，如 `2.971700E+00;1.040000E+00;3.090000E+00`，按 `;` 拆分解析。
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- `FETC` 同理可合并：`FETC:VOLT?;:FETC:CURR?;:FETC:POW?`
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---
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## 3. 标准交互流程
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```text
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[连接]
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TcpClient.Connect(ip, 30000)
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设置 TcpClient.NoDelay = true // 关闭 Nagle，消除小包延迟
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发送 *IDN? → 读回一行，校验包含 "IT87" 字样，确认设备正确
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发送 SYST:REM
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发送 CHAN 1
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[采集循环]（按设定周期，如每 50~200ms 一次）
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发送 FETC:VOLT?;:FETC:CURR?;:FETC:POW?
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读回一行 → 按 ';' 拆分 → 解析为 (V, I, P)
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推送给 UI（绑定）与 后台记录器（队列）
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[断开]
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发送 SYST:LOC（可选）
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关闭 socket
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```
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错误处理约定：
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- 每条查询发送后若在超时内（建议 1–3 s）未读到完整行 → 视为通讯异常，触发重连流程。
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- 周期性（或异常后）发送 `SYST:ERR?` 检查设备侧错误队列，非 `0,No Error` 则记录日志。
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- 读响应以 `\n` 为行边界；TCP 可能分包，需循环 `Read` 直到读到 `\n`。
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---
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## 4. C# 实现指引（.NET 8）
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### 4.1 分层结构建议
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```
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Driver 层 It8702pClient —— 纯通讯：连接、收发、按行读取、命令封装
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采集层 AcquisitionService —— 后台采集循环（Task + PeriodicTimer），产出读数
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分发层 读数 → ① UI 绑定（INotifyPropertyChanged，Dispatcher 回主线程）
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→ ② 记录器（Channel<Reading> 写入文件/数据库，独立消费者）
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ViewModel 层 绑定 Voltage / Current / Power 与 IsConnected 等状态
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```
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设计要点（对应"实时绑定 + 后台记录两者都要"）：
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- **采集只跑一遍**，结果同时分发给 UI 和记录器，避免对设备发起两套独立轮询（同步协议下并发查询会互相打断）。
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- UI 更新必须切回 UI 线程：`Application.Current.Dispatcher.Invoke(...)` 或在采集 Task 中用 `IProgress<Reading>`。
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- 后台记录用 `System.Threading.Channels.Channel<Reading>`：采集线程只管入队（非阻塞），单独的写盘消费者出队，互不阻塞，避免磁盘 IO 拖慢采集节奏。
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- 所有 socket 收发集中在 Driver 层，**全程串行**（同一时刻只有一条命令在途）。如有多处调用，用 `SemaphoreSlim(1,1)` 串行化，杜绝 `Query Interrupted`。
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### 4.2 数据模型
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```csharp
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public readonly record struct Reading(
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DateTime TimestampUtc,
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int Channel,
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double Voltage, // V
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double Current, // A
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double Power); // W
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```
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### 4.3 Driver 层参考实现
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```csharp
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using System.Globalization;
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using System.Net.Sockets;
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using System.Text;
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public sealed class It8702pClient : IDisposable
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{
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private readonly SemaphoreSlim _gate = new(1, 1);
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private TcpClient? _tcp;
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private NetworkStream? _stream;
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public bool IsConnected => _tcp?.Connected ?? false;
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public async Task ConnectAsync(string ip, int port = 30000, int channel = 1,
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CancellationToken ct = default)
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{
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_tcp = new TcpClient { NoDelay = true }; // 关闭 Nagle
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await _tcp.ConnectAsync(ip, port, ct);
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_stream = _tcp.GetStream();
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_stream.ReadTimeout = 3000;
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_stream.WriteTimeout = 3000;
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var idn = await QueryAsync("*IDN?", ct);
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if (!idn.Contains("IT87", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
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throw new InvalidOperationException($"意外的设备标识: {idn}");
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await SendAsync("SYST:REM", ct); // 进入远程模式
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await SendAsync($"CHAN {channel}", ct); // 选择通道
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}
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/// 一次往返采集 V/I/P。
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public async Task<(double V, double I, double P)> ReadVipAsync(CancellationToken ct = default)
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{
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// FETC 较快；如需每次强制重测可换成 MEAS
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var resp = await QueryAsync("FETC:VOLT?;:FETC:CURR?;:FETC:POW?", ct);
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var parts = resp.Split(';', StringSplitOptions.TrimEntries);
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if (parts.Length < 3)
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throw new FormatException($"响应格式异常: {resp}");
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return (ParseNum(parts[0]), ParseNum(parts[1]), ParseNum(parts[2]));
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}
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public Task SelectChannelAsync(int channel, CancellationToken ct = default)
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=> SendAsync($"CHAN {channel}", ct);
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public async Task<string> ReadErrorAsync(CancellationToken ct = default)
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=> await QueryAsync("SYST:ERR?", ct);
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// ---- 底层收发（全程串行）----
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private async Task SendAsync(string cmd, CancellationToken ct)
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{
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await _gate.WaitAsync(ct);
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try { await WriteLineAsync(cmd, ct); }
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finally { _gate.Release(); }
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}
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private async Task<string> QueryAsync(string cmd, CancellationToken ct)
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{
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await _gate.WaitAsync(ct);
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try
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{
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await WriteLineAsync(cmd, ct);
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return await ReadLineAsync(ct);
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}
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finally { _gate.Release(); }
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}
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private async Task WriteLineAsync(string cmd, CancellationToken ct)
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{
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var bytes = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(cmd + "\n");
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await _stream!.WriteAsync(bytes, ct);
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}
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// TCP 可能分包，循环读到 '\n' 为止
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private async Task<string> ReadLineAsync(CancellationToken ct)
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{
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var sb = new StringBuilder();
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var buf = new byte[1];
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while (true)
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{
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int n = await _stream!.ReadAsync(buf, ct);
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if (n == 0) throw new IOException("连接已关闭");
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char c = (char)buf[0];
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if (c == '\n') break;
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if (c != '\r') sb.Append(c);
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}
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return sb.ToString().Trim();
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}
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private static double ParseNum(string s)
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=> double.Parse(s, NumberStyles.Float, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);
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public void Dispose()
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{
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try { _stream?.Dispose(); _tcp?.Dispose(); } catch { /* 忽略 */ }
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_gate.Dispose();
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}
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}
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```
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### 4.4 采集服务参考实现
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```csharp
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using System.Threading.Channels;
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public sealed class AcquisitionService : IAsyncDisposable
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{
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private readonly It8702pClient _client;
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private readonly Channel<Reading> _record = Channel.CreateUnbounded<Reading>();
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private CancellationTokenSource? _cts;
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private Task? _loop;
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public AcquisitionService(It8702pClient client) => _client = client;
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/// 供后台记录器消费的读数流。
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public ChannelReader<Reading> Records => _record.Reader;
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/// UI 通过此回调实时获取读数（在 ViewModel 中切回 UI 线程）。
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public event Action<Reading>? ReadingReceived;
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public void Start(int channel, TimeSpan period)
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{
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_cts = new CancellationTokenSource();
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_loop = RunAsync(channel, period, _cts.Token);
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}
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private async Task RunAsync(int channel, TimeSpan period, CancellationToken ct)
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{
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using var timer = new PeriodicTimer(period);
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while (await timer.WaitForNextTickAsync(ct))
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{
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try
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{
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var (v, i, p) = await _client.ReadVipAsync(ct);
|
|||
|
|
var reading = new Reading(DateTime.UtcNow, channel, v, i, p);
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
ReadingReceived?.Invoke(reading); // → UI
|
|||
|
|
_record.Writer.TryWrite(reading); // → 记录器（非阻塞入队）
|
|||
|
|
}
|
|||
|
|
catch (OperationCanceledException) { break; }
|
|||
|
|
catch (Exception ex)
|
|||
|
|
{
|
|||
|
|
// TODO: 记录日志 / 触发重连
|
|||
|
|
System.Diagnostics.Debug.WriteLine($"采集异常: {ex.Message}");
|
|||
|
|
}
|
|||
|
|
}
|
|||
|
|
}
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
public async ValueTask DisposeAsync()
|
|||
|
|
{
|
|||
|
|
_cts?.Cancel();
|
|||
|
|
if (_loop is not null)
|
|||
|
|
try { await _loop; } catch { /* 忽略 */ }
|
|||
|
|
_record.Writer.TryComplete();
|
|||
|
|
_cts?.Dispose();
|
|||
|
|
}
|
|||
|
|
}
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
### 4.5 ViewModel 绑定要点
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```csharp
|
|||
|
|
public sealed class MainViewModel : INotifyPropertyChanged
|
|||
|
|
{
|
|||
|
|
private double _voltage, _current, _power;
|
|||
|
|
public double Voltage { get => _voltage; private set => Set(ref _voltage, value); }
|
|||
|
|
public double Current { get => _current; private set => Set(ref _current, value); }
|
|||
|
|
public double Power { get => _power; private set => Set(ref _power, value); }
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
// 订阅 AcquisitionService.ReadingReceived，并切回 UI 线程：
|
|||
|
|
private void OnReading(Reading r) =>
|
|||
|
|
Application.Current.Dispatcher.Invoke(() =>
|
|||
|
|
{
|
|||
|
|
Voltage = r.Voltage;
|
|||
|
|
Current = r.Current;
|
|||
|
|
Power = r.Power;
|
|||
|
|
});
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
// ... INotifyPropertyChanged / Set 实现略
|
|||
|
|
public event PropertyChangedEventHandler? PropertyChanged;
|
|||
|
|
private void Set<T>(ref T field, T value, [System.Runtime.CompilerServices.CallerMemberName] string? name = null)
|
|||
|
|
{ field = value; PropertyChanged?.Invoke(this, new(name)); }
|
|||
|
|
}
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
后台记录消费者（独立运行，写文件/数据库）：
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```csharp
|
|||
|
|
await foreach (var r in acquisition.Records.ReadAllAsync(ct))
|
|||
|
|
{
|
|||
|
|
// 写 CSV / SQLite / 其他。IO 慢也不会阻塞采集循环
|
|||
|
|
await writer.WriteLineAsync(
|
|||
|
|
$"{r.TimestampUtc:O},{r.Channel},{r.Voltage},{r.Current},{r.Power}");
|
|||
|
|
}
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
---
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
## 5. 配置项（建议放入主项目设置）
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
| 配置 | 默认值 | 说明 |
|
|||
|
|
|------|--------|------|
|
|||
|
|
| `Ip` | `192.168.200.100` | 设备 IP，可改 |
|
|||
|
|
| `Port` | `30000` | 固定，一般不改 |
|
|||
|
|
| `Channel` | `1` | 操作通道，可切换 1–8 |
|
|||
|
|
| `PeriodMs` | `100` | 采集周期（毫秒）。过小无意义，受设备测量速度限制 |
|
|||
|
|
| `UseFetch` | `true` | `true` 用 `FETC`（快），`false` 用 `MEAS`（每次重测） |
|
|||
|
|
| `TimeoutMs` | `3000` | 收发超时 |
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
---
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
## 6. 易错点检查清单（AI 实现时务必核对）
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
- [ ] 每条命令结尾加 `\n`。
|
|||
|
|
- [ ] 设置类命令前已发送 `SYST:REM`。
|
|||
|
|
- [ ] 查询发出后**读完整行响应再发下一条**；所有收发经 `SemaphoreSlim` 串行化。
|
|||
|
|
- [ ] 合并查询时第二条起每条前加 `:`（回根路径）。
|
|||
|
|
- [ ] 数字解析用 `CultureInfo.InvariantCulture`（避免逗号小数点区域问题）。
|
|||
|
|
- [ ] 读响应循环到 `\n`，处理 TCP 分包。
|
|||
|
|
- [ ] `TcpClient.NoDelay = true`。
|
|||
|
|
- [ ] UI 更新切回 Dispatcher 线程。
|
|||
|
|
- [ ] 采集只一套循环，结果分发给 UI 与记录器，不开两套独立轮询。
|
|||
|
|
- [ ] 不要在本驱动里追求高速波形——高速由独立采集卡负责。
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
---
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
## 7. 范围说明
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
本驱动只覆盖**连接、通道选择、V/I/P 采集**及配套的错误读取。
|
|||
|
|
若后续需要控制负载（CC/CV/CR/CW 设置、输入开关、保护读取、List/动态测试等），
|
|||
|
|
另需扩展命令集，不在本文档范围内。高速暂态波形采集由独立采集卡完成，与本驱动并行运行、互不干扰。
|