136 lines
4.0 KiB
Markdown
136 lines
4.0 KiB
Markdown
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# Electron 项目开发方案
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## 1. 项目目标
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- 使用 Electron 开发一个桌面“框架程序”
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- 主程序启动后自动打开指定 Web 应用（示例：`https://www.baidu.com`）
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- 程序窗口自动全屏并隐藏菜单栏
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- 支持在 Windows 与 Ubuntu 22 上打包与运行
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## 2. 技术栈与工具
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- 核心：`Electron`
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- 打包：`electron-builder`
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- 运行环境：`Node.js LTS`（建议 18 或 20）
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- 版本管理：`npm`
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## 3. 环境准备
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- 通用：安装 Node.js LTS
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- Windows：建议安装 Git；如需原生模块构建，安装 Visual Studio Build Tools
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- Ubuntu 22：
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- `sudo apt update`
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- `sudo apt install -y build-essential libarchive-tools rpm xz-utils libfuse2`
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## 4. 目录结构（最小可运行）
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```
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项目根目录/
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├─ main.js
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└─ package.json
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```
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## 5. 初始化步骤
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- 在项目根执行：
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- `npm init -y`
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- `npm i -D electron electron-builder`
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- 准备主进程入口文件 `main.js` 与打包配置 `package.json`
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## 6. 核心实现
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### 6.1 主进程入口：`main.js`
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```js
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const { app, BrowserWindow } = require('electron')
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function createWindow() {
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const win = new BrowserWindow({
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fullscreen: true,
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autoHideMenuBar: true,
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webPreferences: {
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contextIsolation: true,
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nodeIntegration: false,
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sandbox: true
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}
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})
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win.loadURL('https://www.baidu.com')
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}
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app.whenReady().then(() => {
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createWindow()
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app.on('activate', () => {
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if (BrowserWindow.getAllWindows().length === 0) createWindow()
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})
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})
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app.on('window-all-closed', () => {
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if (process.platform !== 'darwin') app.quit()
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})
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```
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### 6.2 打包与运行配置：`package.json`
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```json
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{
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"name": "electron-webshell",
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"version": "0.1.0",
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"main": "main.js",
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"private": true,
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"scripts": {
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"start": "electron .",
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"build": "electron-builder",
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"build:win": "electron-builder --win",
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"build:linux": "electron-builder --linux"
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},
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"devDependencies": {
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"electron": "^31.2.0",
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"electron-builder": "^24.9.4"
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},
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"build": {
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"appId": "com.example.webshell",
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"productName": "WebShell",
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"files": [
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"main.js",
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"package.json"
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],
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"win": {
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"target": ["nsis"],
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"artifactName": "${productName}-Setup-${version}-${arch}.exe"
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},
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"linux": {
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"target": ["AppImage", "deb"],
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"category": "Utility",
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"artifactName": "${productName}-${version}-${arch}.${ext}"
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}
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}
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}
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```
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## 7. 开发与调试
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- 启动开发模式：`npm start`
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- 验证：程序启动后是否全屏、是否自动打开 `https://www.baidu.com`
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## 8. 打包与发布
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### 8.1 Windows 打包
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- 在 Windows 上执行：`npm run build:win`
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- 产物位置：`dist/WebShell-Setup-<version>-<arch>.exe`
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- 安装并运行验证：全屏展示且加载指定网页
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### 8.2 Ubuntu 22 打包
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- 在 Ubuntu 22 上执行：`npm ci`
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- 执行打包：`npm run build:linux`
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- 产物位置：
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- `dist/WebShell-<version>-<arch>.AppImage`
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- `dist/WebShell-<version>-<arch>.deb`
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- 运行验证：
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- `chmod +x dist/WebShell-<version>-<arch>.AppImage && ./dist/WebShell-<version>-<arch>.AppImage`
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- 或安装 `deb`：`sudo dpkg -i dist/WebShell-<version>-<arch>.deb`
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## 9. 安全与行为约束
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- 保持 `nodeIntegration: false`，避免网页直接访问 Node 能力
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- 使用 `contextIsolation: true` 与 `sandbox: true`，降低宿主风险
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- 仅加载受信任站点；如需内网地址，将 `loadURL` 改为目标内网 URL
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## 10. 常见问题与建议
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- 跨平台打包：建议在目标操作系统上本地打包（Windows 在 Windows，Linux 在 Ubuntu）
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- 网络限制：如外网受限，改为内网地址；或将前端应用打包为本地资源并 `loadFile`
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- Ubuntu 22 下 AppImage 运行异常：安装 `libfuse2`
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- 无边框与更强锁定：可将 `fullscreen: true` 改为 `kiosk: true`
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## 11. 后续迭代方向
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- 启动参数或配置文件化：支持自定义 URL、窗口模式
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- 预加载脚本与白名单通信：在受控场景中安全地与网页交互
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- 自动更新：集成更新服务以便统一升级
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